RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
INSTITUTE OF APPLIED PHYSICS

STRONG MICROWAVES IN PLASMAS
Volume 1

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP
Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow,
15-22 August 1993
Edited by A.G. Litvak

This book is the collection of invited lectures and some interesting contributions made at the Second International Workshop on Strong Microwaves in Plasmas. The First Workshop was organized by the Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (Nizhny Novgorod) and held in Suzdal (Russia) in September 1990. Its aim was to bring together the researchers who develop powerful microwave sources and deal with applications of strong microwaves in plasma for heating and generation of currents in fusion set-ups, for basic investigations of nonlinear processes in plasmas, for studies of the freely localized gas discharge in microwave beams with a number of industrial applications, etc. Leading laboratories of all the world were represented at the First Workshop, therefore its scientific significance was high, and the Reader can judge about that from the published Proceedings. A specific feature of that Workshop was participation of a great number of researchers from the leading FSU laboratories including young scientists who reached the world level in this field, but had rather limited possibilities for International contacts. The Suzdal Workshop proved to be very useful for scientific collaboration between a number of Russian and foreign laboratories, and promoted, specifically, access of Russian gyrotrons to the foreign market. The explicit success of the Suzdal Workshop called for further meetings. We decided that the next workshop would be held in three years—this interval seems optimal for accumulation of research material that is to be generalized and categorized.
The II International Workshop on Strong Microwaves in Plasmas was held on August 15-22 on board the "Feliks Dzerzhinsky" river boat that cruised from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod and back. Recently river boats have been quite often used for scientific conferences in Russia. Experience of our Workshop proves that the idea is fruitful. The participants were confined within a "closed" space of the ship, and that greatly extended their communication beyond the scope of the official sessions, and stimulated further discussions and personal scientific contacts. Along with high scientific efficiency, the Workshop resulted in most pleasant memories of the participants about the sight-seeing in historical towns of Russia, about the magnificent landscape of middle Russia seen from the board of a comfortable ship, about the evening concerts performed by invited musicians and actors well-known in Russia. All that made the Workshop unforgettable for the participants and their families.
The Workshop brought together 179 participants from 13 countries. Plenary sessions in the mornings, and sessions of 4 sections in the afternoons excluded the necessity of poster papers. All in all, the Workshop participants listened to 117 communications, and 41 of them were invited. The topics of the contributions, as at the First Workshop, mainly focused on the problems of developing new sources of powerful microwaves and their plasma applications. Along with this, some new tendencies were revealed, which go beyond the framework of the plasma research area. Specifically, invited speakers discussed the problems of using strong microwaves for new radar and information systems, for material processing, and, in particular, new techniques for advanced material production, for example, production of advanced ceramic materials, for atmosphere purification of human-origin hazardous admixtures, etc. Great interest towards these problems can result in future in certain transformation and widening of the scope of our Workshop, if it becomes traditional.
We hope that the materials about the state-of-the-art of the study on powerful coherent sources of microwaves and interaction of strong electromagnetic waves with plasma will be useful for the Reader who is interested in this research area.
A.G. Litvak

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