RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
INSTITUTE OF APPLIED PHYSICS

STRONG MICROWAVES IN PLASMAS
Volume 1

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP
Nizhny Novgorod,
7-14 August 1996
Edited by A.G. Litvak

Editor's Preface
In August 1996 the International Workshop on Strong Microwaves in Plasmas was held for the third time already. This means that it became a tradition and found its niche in a series of numerous conferences and meetings in the related fields. The success of the Workshop can be also attributed to the unique manner it is conducted in: for the whole week of Workshop duration the participants stay on board a comfortable ship cruising along the Volga river, and have virtually unlimited possibilities for scientific discussions within and beyond the Workshop Program. A rich social program including tours around picturesque ancient Volga cities and evening concerts of classic music performed by musicians specially invited to join the tour makes this trip an unforgettable event both for the participants and members of their families traveling with them.
It is also becoming traditional that along with exchange of new information, which is typical for conferences of that kind, the Workshop on Strong Microwaves in Plasmas is really a workshop: a large number of collaborative scientific projects are discussed here and agreed to be accomplished jointly by Russian laboratories and foreign scientific centers. Progress in the projects initiated at previous meetings is also reviewed and discussed.
The third Workshop took place on 7-14 August, 1996 on board the "Alexander Suvorov" steamer that cruised from Moscow to St. Petersburg. 116 participants from 16 countries attended the Workshop. The scientific program was not overloaded with presentations: in total, there were 94 of them selected by the Program Committee. That made it possible to concentrate on morning plenary sessions and further work in four topical sections, thus making poster sessions unnecessary. Almost a half of the talks were "invited" (21 plenary talks and 21 topical talks), and the time given to each of them was long enough for detailed presentation and discussion.

As previously, four sections worked at this Workshop:

• Current drive and heating of plasma by microwaves in fusion devices;
• Microwave discharges;
• Nonlinear processes in plasmas (theory and microwave experiments);
• Development of high-power microwave sources.

The work of these sections focused mainly on the problems of developing powerful microwave sources and their applications for plasma studies. Among new trends that widen the scientific range of the Workshop one has to mentions the progress in making a short-pulse radar based on a relativistic microwave carsinotron, the study of the possibility to compress powerful microwave pulses actively and passively, experimental modeling and numerical calculations that verify potentiality of using microwave discharges in the atmosphere for its purification from freons and recuperation of atmospheric ozone, and successful start of the studies of physical processes in materials treated with microwave radiation.
This book is the collection of invited lectures and original contributions delivered at the Third International Workshop on Strong Microwaves in Plasmas. These materials give a sufficiently detailed idea of the state-of-the-art and results of studies in the field of development of powerful microwave sources and their applications. We hope that this book will be useful for professionals working in these fields.
A.G. Litvak

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