RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
INSTITUTE OF APPLIED PHYSICS

STRONG MICROWAVES IN PLASMAS
Volume 1

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP
Nizhny Novgorod,
1-9 August 2002
Edited by A.G. Litvak

Editor's Preface
The 5th International Workshop "Strong Microwaves in Plasmas" took place from the first till the eighth of August, 2002 on board the "Mikhail Frunze" river boat, which cruised the Volga and Kama rivers from Nizhny Novgorod to Perm and back.
It is a rather natural idea to congregate developers of a new type of microwave sources and scientists using such sources in fundamental and applied researches, and it was first realized in 1990, in Suzdal. The twelve years that passed saw three consequent SMP Workshops, and have become a demonstrative proof of how fruitful this idea was. This is the fifth time the Workshop participants meet, and one should, evidently, look backward and make an attempt to estimate its role. Along with the task of providing an efficient information exchange, which is traditional for meetings of scientists, the SMP Workshops were also very important for the Russian scientists working in the fields of plasma and microwave physics: the Workshops provided them with the possibility to come in close contact and initiate actual scientific collaborations with their colleagues from leading laboratories of the world. It is appropriate to remember here that the SMP Workshops started right after the iron curtain was raised, when the deficit of such collaboration and interest in it on both sides were huge.
Now we can make up a long list of what Russian and foreign scientists achieved in the recent decade owing much to the collaboration that arose from the progress of SMP Workshops. This list includes but by far is not limited to development of quasi-continuous megawatt gyrotrons; successful experiments with EC heating and current drive in tokamaks and stellarators; diagnostics of fusion plasma using collective Thomson scattering; development of the basics of electrodynamics for oversized multi-mode systems and a wide range of devices to convert and transport high-power radiation; creation of relativistic microwave generators based on the phenomenon of superradiation; development of quasi-optical elements (pulse compressors, accelerating structures) for the next-generation supercolliders; realization of sources of multi-charge ions with gyrotron pumping that provide record-breaking parameters of ion beams injected into heavy-nuclei accelerators; demonstration of the prospects of using mm-wave radiation in material processing (nanoceramic sintering, fast annealing of semiconductors, etc.). It is the interdisciplinary nature of the Workshops that provides such a wide range of scientific interactions.
The 2002 SMP Workshop followed the traditional scheme and combined strenuous work in scientific sections with an interesting social programme, which included interesting tours in historical Russian cities and night concerts of classical and modern music performed by specially invited young world-class musicians. 148 participants from 13 countries took part in the Workshop and submitted 128 presentations, of which 25 were plenary invited talks, 31 topical invited talks, and 72 oral contributed talks. The scientific programme, along with plenary talks, included sessions and discussions in four traditional sections: Development of High-Power Microwave Sources, Current Drive and Microwave Plasma Heating in Fusion Installations, Gas Discharges in Electromagnetic Wave Fields and Other Applications of High-Power Microwaves, and Nonlinear Processes in Plasmas (Theory and Microwave Experiments).
This book is an almost complete collection of the invited and original contributions presented at the 5th International Workshop on Strong Microwaves in Plasmas. The texts of a few papers have not been submitted by the authors mainly since they have been already published as original papers. The materials of this book provide a sufficiently comprehensive information about the state-of-the-art in the field of creating high-power microwave sources and their applications. With no doubt, this publication will be useful for the professional working in these fields.
Alexander Litvak

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